PREFIXES

            According to McCharty and O’Dell (1994: 18), prefixes are often used to give adjectives a negative meaning. The opposite of ‘comfortable’ is ‘uncomfortable’, the opposite of ‘convenient’ is ‘inconvenient’ and the opposite of ‘similar’ is ‘dissimilar’. Other examples are ‘unjust’, ‘inedible’, ‘disloyal’. Unfortunately, there is no easy way of knowing which prefix any adjective will use to form its opposite. When you learn a new adjective note down whether it has an opposite formed with a prefix and, if so, what it is.

Note:

·         in- becomes im- before a root beginning with ‘m’ or ‘p’ e.g. immature, impatient, impartial, improbable. Similarly in- becomes ir- before a word beginning with ‘r’ and il- before a word beginning with ‘l’, e.g. irreplaceable, irreversible, illegal, illegible, illiterate.

·         The prefix in- does not always have a negative meaning- often it gives the idea of inside or into, e.g. internal, import, insert, income.

Although it is mainly adjectives which are made negative by prefixes, un- and dis- can also form the opposite of verbs too, e.g. appear disappear. The prefix is used here to reverse the action of the verb. Here are some more examples: disagree, disapprove, disbelieve, disconnect, discredit, dislike, dismount, disprove, disqualify, unbend, undo, undress, unfold, unload, unlock, unveil, unwrap, unzip.

Many other prefixes are used in English. Here is a list of prefixes which are useful in helping you to understand unfamiliar words. Some of these words are used with a hyphen. Check in a dictionary if you’re not sure.

Prefix	Meaning	Examples
Anti	Against	Anti-war, antisocial, antibiotic
Auto	Of or by oneself	Autograph, auto-pilot, autobiography
Bi	Two, twice	Bicycle, bi-monthly, biannual, bilingual
Ex	Former	Ex-wife, ex-student, ex-president
Ex	Out of	Extract, exhale, excommunicate
Micro	Small	Micro-computer, microwave, microscopic
Mis	Badly/wrongly	Misunderstand, mistranslate, misinform
Mono	One/single	Monotonous, monologue, monogamous
Multi	Many	Multi-national, multi-purpose, multi-racial
Over	Too much	Overdo, overtired, oversleep, overeat
Post	After	Postwar, postgraduate post-revolutionary
Pro	In favour of	Pro-government, pro-revolutionary
Pseudo	False	Pseudo-scientific, pseudo intellectual
Re	Again or back	Retype, reread, replace, rewind
Semi	Half	Semicircular, semi-final, semi-detached
Sub	Under	Subway, submarine, subdivision
Under	Not enough	Underworked, underused, undercooked

References:

McCharty, Michael and O’Dell, Felicity. 1994. English Vocabulary in Use. UK: Cambridge University Press

CERPEN "HONEEYMOON MUSIM SALJU"

  Salju yang turun memutih di atas pandanganku. Melayang seupil demi seupil dan menumpuk hingga memutih di atas tanah. Aku takjub, luar biasa sungguh mempesona. Bagaimana tidak, seumur hidup baru kali ini aku menyaksikan dan menyentuh langsung salju yang selalu dibicarakan orang. Ingin rasanya aku berguling-guling kesana kemari, bermain-main di atas salju. Memang tampak awam sekali, tapi biarlah namanya juga pengalaman pertama yang penting aku happy.

 " Sedang apa aku disini? kenapa aku bisa berada di negara salju, Canberra ini?". Wahh... ternyata sedang honeeymoon. Romantis sekali honeeymoon  di musim salju, benar-benar impianku.

" Sayang, maukah kau berselancar denganku di atas salju ini?" pinta pangeranku dengan mesranya sambil melingkarkan tangannya di pinggangku dari belakang. "Tentu mau dong honeey!" Jawabku dengan manja.

Segeralah kami  memakai atribut berselancar dan bersiap-siap untuk meluncur. Aku merasa agak sedikit ketakutan, maklum baru pertama kali tapi senyum sang pangeran membuat ku tenang. Dan akhirnya mulailah kami berselancar, tangan kami saling berpegangan, romantis sekali so sweet..!

Namun di tengah perjalanan ada tumpukan salju yang besar sekali yang akan menghadang kami yang membuat aku dan sang pangeran harus terpisah dan pegangan tangan kami pun terlepas. Sialnya, aku kehilangan kendali tak bisa menjaga keseimbangan badan dan menabrak tumpukan salju itu. " Gubbbraaakkkkk............!"

"aduhh..., sakit...!"

"Kenapa kamu terjatuh ke lantai ndhuk sampai ranjangmu patah begini?"

Wah..., ternyata cuma mimpi bukan kenyataan. Berarti sang pangeran dan honeeymoon musim salju juga tidak nyata?, cuma dalam mimpi? Tapi tidak apa-apa lah, mimpinya indah dan romantis kok walau kepala benjol dan tempat tidurku sampai patah. Padahal aku saja juga belum menikah. hehehe

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penyusunan skripsi merupakan hal yang sangat memusingkan. salah satunya yang saya alami adalah mendapatkan sumber pustaka. dibawah ini ada beberapa daftar pustaka. anda bisa memakainya jika anda membutuhkan. semoga ini bermanfaat bisa membantu anda.

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procedure text

HOW TO PLANT CHILI

Planting is a nice activity in our spare time. The following is guided information on how to plant a chili-plant easily. Here are the steps.

Firstly, dry a handful seeding under the sunlight

Secondly, put the seeding on the soil. It should be in open area

Next, wait it. There will come out the sprout after that let it be bigger.

Finally, put in another big pot. It will soon grew bigger and bigger and yield us some fresh chilies soon.

Generic Structure Analysis

Goal                 : informing on how to plant chilies

Material           : excluded

Steps                : showing the steps or method in planting chilies, from drying seed to putting the sprout in big pot.

 Language Feature Analysis

Imperative sentence     : dry a handful seeding, put it, etc.

Action verb                  : put, dry, etc.

Temporal conjunction  : next, finally, firstly, secondly

Simple present tense    : planting is a nice activity, the following is a guided information

HOW TO MAKE ES TELER

Ingredient

-      150 grams sugar

-      leaves pandan

-      3,5 tablespoons water

-      400 grams ripe avocado cut into 1 cm cubus

-      young coconuts meat scrabbed out

-      crushed ice

-      condensed milk

Method

1.    Combine sugar, pandan leaves, and water in a small souce pan and heat for a few minutes over a low heat until sugar disolves

2.    To serve this dessert, place generous spoonfull of cubbed avocado, jackfruit, and young cococnut into a bowl. Add a little syrup to swetten top with crushed ice and drizzle on a litlle condensed milk

3.    Serve 4 – 6

4.    Preparation time 30 minutes.

                  Answer these questions!

1.             What is the goal of the text ?

2.             Hom many kinds of fruit are needed ?

3.             Where are sugar, pandan leaves, and water combined ?

4.             How must avocado be cut ?

5.              How long does it need to make es teler ?

HOW TO IRON YOUR CLOTHES

Arrange the jumble sentences in a good order!

-          Iron your clothes

-          Prepare an ironing board, a bottle of a fabric freshener, and an iron.

-          Adjust the heat of the iron. Wait until the iron is hot enough

-          Cover the ironing board with some cloth make sure that it thick enough

-          Fold your clothes neatly

-          Plug the iron cable into the wall outlet

-          Spray the freshener directly on clothes

HOW TO INSERT SIM CARD CELLPHONE

Cell phone is a modern communication device which connects one the others by voice, written message and data. However this device cannot work until the SIM card is inserted. When inserting the SIM card to cell phone, make sure that the cell phone has been switched off and follow the direction bellow:

First of all, press the locking catch and slide the cover then lift it off the phone. After that, push two catches in the opposite directions and remove the battery. Next, slide the SIM card carefully into the slot and make sure that the golden connect arson are facing to the connector of the phone.

Then, put the battery and align it until snaps into this place.

Finally, insert the two catches of the back cover corresponding slot in the phone and slide the cover, don’t forget to switch on the cell phone. Wait until it is ready to use.

COOKING RICE USING A RICE COOKER

Using a rice cooker is a simple and effective way to cook rice. Many rice cookers keep the rice warm after it’s cooked. There’s no need to watch the rice cooker since this appliances comes with an automatic timer that clicks when the rice is ready. This article will show you how to cook rice with a rice cooker so that you can say good-bye to burnt rice and ruined pots.

Rearrange the steps in a good order!

-          Then, place the washed rice in the inner pan

-          Press the switch .when the cooking process has started. The “cook “ lamp will turn on

-          Close the outer lid. Make sure to lock properly until it “clicks”

-          Wash the rice in a separate bowl

-          Be sure to wipe dry the outside of the inner pan. Then, place the inner pan into the body and turn it slightly to the right and left until it seats properly

-          Plug the cord to outlet. The “warm “ lamp will turn on

-          Add water into the inner pan. Markings inside the pan show the amount of water required.

Example: if you have used two measures of rice, add water to line marked 2, and so forth. You may adjust it depending upon the types of rice and your preference

-          When rice is ripe the switch will pop up and “warm“  lamp lights to show that the rice warmer function is working. After the switch pops up, leave the lid closed for at least 15 minutes before serving the rice.

Answer these question bellow!

1.        What is the advantages of using  rice cooker?

2.        Give the explanation about steps of cook rice in rice cooker by your own word!